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                  <text>Medieval Manuscript Leaves</text>
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                  <text>medieval manuscripts</text>
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                  <text>Denison University Archives &amp; Special Collections holds 72 medieval manuscript leaves that date between **** and ****. Medieval is defined by the time period of ****-****. Manuscript is defined by the object being handwritten rather than printed.  A leaf is defined as being a single page out of a book, also sometimes called a folio.</text>
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      <name>Medieval manuscript leaf</name>
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              <text>Recto Translation: [Ephesians 5:15-21]&#13;
&#13;
15 See therefore, brethren, how you walk circumspectly: not as unwise, 16 But as wise: redeeming the time, because the days are evil. 17 Wherefore become not unwise, but understanding what is the will of God. 18 And be not drunk with wine, wherein is luxury; but be ye filled with the holy Spirit, 19 Speaking to yourselves in psalms, and hymns, and spiritual canticles, singing and making melody in your hearts to the Lord; 20 Giving thanks always for all things, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, to God and the Father: 21 Being subject one to another, in the fear of Christ.&#13;
&#13;
Verso Translation: [Matthew 22:2-14]&#13;
&#13;
2 The kingdom of heaven is likened to a king, who made a marriage for his son. 3 And he sent his servants, to call them that were invited to the marriage; and they would not come. 4 Again he sent other servants, saying: Tell them that were invited, Behold, I have prepared my dinner; my beeves and fatlings are killed, and all things are ready: come ye to the marriage. 5 But they neglected, and went their ways, one to his farm, and another to his merchandise. 6 And the rest laid hands on his servants, and having treated them contumeliously, put them to death. 7 But when the king had heard of it, he was angry, and sending his armies, he destroyed those murderers, and burnt their city. 8 Then he saith to his servants: The marriage indeed is ready; but they that were invited were not worthy. 9 Go ye therefore into the highways; and as many as you shall find, call to the marriage. 10 And his servants going forth into the ways, gathered together all that they found, both bad and good: and the marriage was filled with guests. 11 And the king went in to see the guests: and he saw there a man who had not on a wedding garment. 12 And he saith to him: Friend, how camest thou in hither not having on a wedding garment? But he was silent. 13 Then the king said to the waiters: Bind his hands and feet, and cast him into the exterior darkness: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth. 14 For many are called, but few are chosen.&#13;
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          <description>Any written text transcribed from a sound</description>
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              <text>Recto Transcription: [Transcription begins at the large initial F:]&#13;
&#13;
Fratres vidéte quómodo caute ambulétis: non quasi insipiéntes, sed ut sapiéntes: rediméntes tempus, quóniam dies mali sunt. Proptérea nolíte fíeri imprudéntes, sed intelligéntes quæ sit volúntas Dei. Et nolíte inebriári vino, in quo est luxúria, sed implémini Spíritu Sancto, loquéntes vobismetípsis in psalmis, et hymnis, et cánticis spirituálibus, cantántes et psalléntes in córdibus vestris Dómino, grátias agéntes semper pro ómnibus in nómine Dómini nostri Jesu Christi Deo et Patri, subjécti ínvicem in timóre Christi.&#13;
&#13;
Verso Transcription: Símile factum est regnum cælórum hómini regi, qui fecit núptias fílio suo. Et misit servos suos vocáre invitátos ad núptias, et nolébant veníre. Íterum misit álios servos, dicens: Dícite invitátis: Ecce prándium meum parávi, tauri mei et altília occísa sunt, et ómnia paráta: veníte ad núptias. Illi autem neglexérunt: et abiérunt, álius in villam suam, álius vero ad negotiatiónem suam: réliqui vero tenuérunt servos ejus, et contuméliis afféctos occidérunt. Rex autem cum audísset, irátus est: et missis exercítibus suis, pérdidit homicídas illos, et civitátem illórum succéndit. Tunc ait servis suis: Núptiæ quidem parátæ sunt, sed qui invitáti erant, non fuérunt digni: ite ergo ad éxitus viárum, et quoscúmque invenéritis, vocáte ad núptias. Et egréssi servi ejus in vias, congregavérunt omnes quos invenérunt, malos et bonos: et implétæ sunt núptiæ discumbéntium. Intrávit autem rex ut vidérent discumbéntes, et vidit ibi hóminem non vestítum veste nuptiáli. Et ait illi: Amíce, quómodo huc intrásti non habens vestem nuptiálem? At ille obmútuit. Tunc dicit rex minístris: Ligátis mánibus et pédibus ejus, míttite eum in ténebras exterióres: ibi erit fletus et stridor déntium. Multi enim sunt vocáti, pauci vero elécti.&#13;
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>E0002 Leaf from a Missal (Missale Plenarium)</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Missal</text>
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                <text> Spain or Southern France; Middle 12th Century. Latin Text; Revived Carolingian Script.&#13;
&#13;
Many Missals, Bibles and Psalters of the 12th century were written in this fine, bold script. It was a revived form of the 9th century carolingian minuscule. In the absence of miniatures and decoration, it is difficult to assign a manuscript in this hand to a particular country. Some of the letters in this book, however, have been carefully compared with those in a manuscript known to have been ordered in Spain in 1189 A.D. by a certain Abbot Gutteruis, and it was found that the resemblance is striking. It is possible, therefore, that this leaf was written in the same monastery. However, because of the uniformity of all scripts in the early period, many English and French manuscripts could present close similarities in the style of writing.&#13;
&#13;
This twelfth-century Spanish missal is in black ink with enlarged initials and phrases highlighted in red-orange. The first section of the recto side contains what is likely a series of Gregorian chants; lines 13-21 include part of the book of Ephesians. On the verso, lines 2-21 contain text from Matthew. Slightly yellowed vellum with binding holes noticeable along the left recto. Lined with lead plummet or very light ink. The bottom right corner of the recto is broken and dirty, presumably from turning. Further identifying marks include scribal correction on the recto--the erasure of the letter "S" and addition of the letter above the rest of the word on line 16, a squiggle of ink from the next leaf in the original manuscript on the verso side in the top right, and the number "85" in the top right corner of the recto, in pencil.&#13;
&#13;
This leaf contains text for the 20th and 21st Sundays after Pentecost, including Ephesians 5:15-21 (recto) and Matthew 22:2-14 (verso). Responses not yet transcribed.&#13;
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                <text>Middle 12th century</text>
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                <text>Item in public domain. Description provided by Dr. Fred Porcheddu-Engel via the Otto F. Ege digital collection. &lt;a href="http://ege.denison.edu/denison_leaf_02.php"&gt;http://ege.denison.edu/denison_leaf_02.php&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>300 dpi JPEG; Size: 34 x 23.5 cm </text>
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                <text>Latin</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Medieval manuscript leaf</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>Denison University Leaf 02, &lt;em&gt;Fifty Original Leaves from Medieval Manuscripts&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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        <name>Ege, Otto F.</name>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Medieval Manuscript Leaves</text>
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                  <text>Denison University Archives &amp; Special Collections holds 72 medieval manuscript leaves that date between **** and ****. Medieval is defined by the time period of ****-****. Manuscript is defined by the object being handwritten rather than printed.  A leaf is defined as being a single page out of a book, also sometimes called a folio.</text>
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      <name>Medieval manuscript leaf</name>
      <description>A single, loose, handwritten leaf taken from a book that was created during the medieval time period up to the early 16th century.</description>
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              <text>Recto Translation: &#13;
&#13;
[John 3:2-6]&#13;
&#13;
...we know that thou art come a teacher from God; for no man can do these signs which thou dost, unless God be with him. 3 Jesus answered, and said to him: Amen, amen I say to thee, unless a man be born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God. 4 Nicodemus saith to him: How can a man be born when he is old? can he enter a second time into his mother's womb, and be born again? 5 Jesus answered: Amen, amen I say to thee, unless a man be born again of water and the Holy Ghost, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God. 6 That which is born of the flesh, is flesh; and that which is born...&#13;
&#13;
Verso Translation: &#13;
&#13;
[John 3:6-13]&#13;
&#13;
...of the Spirit, is spirit. 7 Wonder not, that I said to thee, you must be born again. 8 The Spirit breatheth where he will; and thou hearest his voice, but thou knowest not whence he cometh, and whither he goeth: so is every one that is born of the Spirit. 9 Nicodemus answered, and said to him: How can these things be done? 10 Jesus answered, and said to him: Art thou a master in Israel, and knowest not these things? 11 Amen, amen I say to thee, that we speak what we know, and we testify what we have seen, and you receive not our testimony. 12 If I have spoken to you earthly things, and you believe not; how will you believe, if I shall speak to you heavenly things? 13 And no man hath ascended...&#13;
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          <description>Any written text transcribed from a sound</description>
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              <text>Recto Transcription: &#13;
&#13;
[Transcription of the main text in the central column:]&#13;
&#13;
scimus quia a Deo venísti magíster, nemo enim potest hæc signa fácere, quæ tu facis, nisi fúerit Deus cum eo. Respóndit Jesus, et dixit ei: Amen, amen dico tibi, nisi quis renátus fúerit dénuo, non potest vidére regnum Dei. Dicit ad eum Nicodémus: Quómodo potest homo nasci, cum sit senex? numquid potest in ventrem matris suæ iteráto introíre et renásci? Respóndit Jesus: Amen, amen dico tibi, nisi quis renátus fúerit ex aqua, et Spíritu Sancto, non potest introíre in regnum Dei. Quod natum est ex carne, caro est: et quod natum est&#13;
&#13;
Verso Transcription: &#13;
&#13;
[Transcription of the main text in the central column:]&#13;
&#13;
ex spíritu, spíritus est. Non miréris quia dixi tibi: opórtet vos nasci dénuo. Spíritus ubi vult spirat, et vocem ejus audis, sed nescis unde véniat, aut quo vadat: sic est omnis qui natus est ex spíritu. Respóndit Nicodémus, et dixit ei: Quómodo possunt hæc fíeri? Respóndit Jesus, et dixit ei: Tu es magíster in Ísraël, et hæc ignóras? amen, amen dico tibi, quia quod scimus lóquimur, et quod vídimus testámur, et testimónium nostrum non accípitis. Si terréna dixi vobis, et non créditis: quómodo, si díxero vobis cæléstia, credétis? Et nemo ascéndit&#13;
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>E0001 Leaf from the New Testament, with Glosses of Bede, Jerome, and Gregory (Testamentum Novum, cum Glossis Bedae, Hieronymi, et Gregorii )</text>
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                <text>New Testament</text>
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                <text>Switzerland (?), Early 12th Century. Latin Text; Revived Carolingian Script.&#13;
&#13;
The chief interest of this text is the interlinear glosses and commentaries from the writings of Bede, Jerome, Gregory, and other Church Fathers. These were inserted at various times during the following century around a central panel of the original text. All the hands are based on the revival of early carolingian minuscule. The beginning of the trend to compactness and angularity is seen in many of these later additions. This manuscript shows through marks of ownership that it was in Geneva for centuries. It is therefore probable that it was written in Switzerland.&#13;
&#13;
The color and texture of vellum is frequently an aid in allocating a manuscript to a certain district and time. The 12th century skins are often yellower than those of later dates as the result of the fact that a weaker lime-water solution had been used in the bleaching process. &#13;
&#13;
The primary script is Carolingian, with one of the glosses in a minuscule very similar to that in Leaf 04. The vellum is yellowed, brittle, and cut on all four sides, with some visible follicles. The leaf is lined in either lead or very light ink, and the ink used for the text is brown with some fading. The gloss hands are different from both one another and from the Biblical text, and the Carolingian gloss hand has decorative brackets setting apart each section. Scribal corrections on this leaf include an erasure mark on the last line of the bottom gloss on the recto; on the verso there is a small hole at the end of the first paragraph. Further identifying marks include a smudge on the gloss on the recto side in the bottom right corner and a small number "50" written in ink and a "47" written in pencil, both in the top right corner of the recto. With the exception of the brackets, the leaf is not illuminated or decorated.&#13;
&#13;
Text: John 3:2-6 (recto) and 6-13 (verso). Glosses not yet identified. </text>
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                <text>Item in public domain.&amp;nbsp;Description provided by Dr. Fred Porcheddu-Engel via the Otto F. Ege digital collection. &lt;a href="http://ege.denison.edu/denison_leaf_01.php"&gt;http://ege.denison.edu/denison_leaf_01.php&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Denison University Leaf 01, &lt;em&gt;Fifty Original Leaves from Medieval Manuscripts&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>Antiphonal from Sienna, Italy.  Another leaf from this same source manuscript is owned by Hollins University in Roanoke VA.  </text>
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                <text>Gwara handlist #123</text>
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                  <text>Denison University Archives &amp; Special Collections holds 72 medieval manuscript leaves that date between **** and ****. Medieval is defined by the time period of ****-****. Manuscript is defined by the object being handwritten rather than printed.  A leaf is defined as being a single page out of a book, also sometimes called a folio.</text>
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                <text>E0109 Leaf from an Anghiari Gradual</text>
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                <text>Antiphonal leaf of vellum from the Monastery of San Bartolomeo, Anghiari, Italy.   Other leaves from this same source manuscript are owned by the Cleveland Public Library, Lima Public Library, Toledo Museum of Art, and Baylor University.</text>
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                <text>300 dpi JPEG; 384x279 mm, written area 261x162 mm.  8 four-line staves in red.  Rubricated initials only.  </text>
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                <text>"From a Koran manuscript in Cufic characters. This rare example, though undated, is attributed by experts to the Twelfth Century, or earlier. Its style suggests the calligraphy of Mashad (Persia), although it may possibly have come from Arabia or Egypt. In speculating as to a manuscript's place of origin, one must bear in mind that centers of learning like Baghdad and Cairo attracted people from all parts of the Muhammadan world, and that these included many scholars, scribes and illuminators from Persia and beyond. That the latter should assimilate certain local characteristics would only be natural. The Cufic form of Arabic writing probably originated in the stone inscriptions of the Nabataeans, who traced their crude characters upon the rocks of Northern Arabia and the Sinai Peninsula. At the time this manuscript was transcribed Cufic had become a rival of Naskhi, but it soon lost its popularity except for use on coins, seals &amp;amp;c. Nevertheless there is nothing indecipherable in this page to the modern scholar, and in this respect, Arabic, like Chinese, in contrast with European languages, early acquired a remarkable stability. This is attributed to the Koran, which is regarded by all Muhammadans as not only the sole foundation of religion and religious and civil law, but the model of the Arabic language, and a permanent standard of diction. It may be noted that a few leaves from this manuscript are in the Oriental Collection of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston." &lt;em&gt;-&lt;em&gt;Pages from the Past&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Denison University Archives &amp; Special Collections holds 72 medieval manuscript leaves that date between **** and ****. Medieval is defined by the time period of ****-****. Manuscript is defined by the object being handwritten rather than printed.  A leaf is defined as being a single page out of a book, also sometimes called a folio.</text>
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                <text>"From Los Virtuosos Varones, author unknown. A Portuguese manuscript on the nobility of the Portuguese aristocracy, circa 1450. An unusual work on fine paper with the distinctive barbed design of the initial letters that mark it with the Portuguese accent. The black having faded to a soft brown and the gold embellishing to yellow, this little book shows gentle usage through the thumb-print smudges on the corners. Tiny Portugal left its mark in history through trade and discovery, and one seldom finds works of this era." &lt;em&gt;-&lt;em&gt;Pages from the Past&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Denison University Archives &amp; Special Collections holds 72 medieval manuscript leaves that date between **** and ****. Medieval is defined by the time period of ****-****. Manuscript is defined by the object being handwritten rather than printed.  A leaf is defined as being a single page out of a book, also sometimes called a folio.</text>
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                <text>From a Latin manuscript dated 1434, containing the "sermones" of Simon de Cremona, prepared in the Scriptorium (as monastic writing-rooms were called) of the famous Carthusian monastery at Buxheim. Caspar Misnensis was the scribe, and he informs us that he finishing writing out these sermons on the fifth day before the feast of Saint Erasmus the Martyr in 1434. The remarkably fine state of preservation of this MS. might make one question its authenticity, until one feels the texture of the beautiful linen paper, and examines its fearfully involved chirography, which, as will be seen, is written in a gnarled yet picturesque, quasi-cursive gothic, and is pleasingly rubricated." &lt;em&gt;-&lt;em&gt;Pages from the Past&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>"From an early legal manuscript, 1280-1320 A. D., an original handwritten folio leaf of a very early and rare Italian codex of civil and canon law combined. The work is executed in double columns of the finest gothic book hand of the period and is a fine example to illustrate the manner in which the earliest printing types evolved from the handwritten volumes of this period. The clarity and elegance of this manuscript text could well have been a model for the type design of the Aldine or Plantin Press two hundred years later. This manuscript was originally in the famous collection of Sir Thomas Phillips, Bart., the finest manuscript collection in the world-at its time." &lt;em&gt;-&lt;em&gt;Pages from the Past&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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